Metal ions are essential components in various biological processes, serving as cofactors for enzymes and playing crucial roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. Research in metal ion biology aims to understand the mechanisms of metal ion transport, storage, and regulation in cells, as well as the impact of metal ion imbalance on human health and disease. This field encompasses studies on metal ion-binding proteins, metalloenzymes, metal ion toxicity, and the development of metal ion-based therapeutics. Overall, research in metal ion biology seeks to elucidate the intricate interplay between metal ions and biological systems to uncover new insights into cellular function and disease mechanisms.